Caracas is a city where everyone knows the dominant political affiliation of each neighbourhood. Basically, the east belongs to the opposition, much of the west to the Chavistas.
Many opposition supporters would be reluctant to venture into the poor barrios where President Nicolas Maduro can still find support, and foreign journalists who visit them are sometimes met with considerable hostility.
But CBC News found only kindness and hospitality when we visited the Marin barrio in San Agustin parish, a towering ridge of cinderblock houses and corrugated iron roofs that is served by a cable car built 10 years ago by the Chavez government at an exorbitant (and heavily padded) price.
Most of the residents CBC News spoke to in San Agustin agreed about one thing: they don’t like Venezuela being threatened with potential military action by the United States.
Reinaldo Mijares says it’s tough to sleep in the barrio of Marin in Caracas. ‘I don’t doubt that the gringos … can invade any country in the world, and that includes Venezuela.’ (CBC News)
“The psychological warfare is very strong,” says Reinaldo Mijares, who’s lived his whole life in this barrio.
“It’s been tough for me to sleep, because I’m nervous. I don’t doubt that the gringos, with their desire for hegemony, can invade any country in the world, and that includes Venezuela.
“In history, we have cases where they’ve created an atmosphere, and a self-justification, to allow themselves to invade countries. They’ve been doing it for 200 years, but more recently, they’re doing it right now in Syria. They did it in Libya, and they did it in Iraq.”
Maria Lourdes Rodriguez speaks through the iron bars that cover her window. She apologizes for not opening the door, but she’s cleaning.
She says that for the U.S. to occupy Venezuela, “they’d have to kill everyone here.”
Does she really think they’ll do it?
“No, because we have Russia and China, and they won’t let it happen. The [oil] deposits belong to us, and with them, we’ll be able to move forward.”
While the U.S. has a long and controversial history of involvement in South and Central America — including in Chile, Panama, Nicaragua and elsewhere — if it’s planning to invade Venezuela, it’s certainly not doing much to prepare for it.
Anyone who remembers previous operations like Desert Storm or the invasion of Iraq, and even relatively minor ones such as Panama in 1989, knows the U.S. only goes to war after a long and highly visible buildup.
Leaves are cancelled, planners work around the clock, troops train and ships assemble. The fact that none of that is happening fits with what most U.S. military experts agree on: the U.S. isn’t about to invade Venezuela, and U.S. President Donald Trump’s talk of a military option sounds hollow.
But the rhetoric appears to have helped Maduro and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela convince ordinary people, such as those in San Agustin, that U.S. marines could hit the beaches at any moment.
On Saturday, Maduro ordered the incorporation of the Socialist Party’s Bolivarian National Militia — a force the government has claimed is 1.5 million strong — into the armed forces. It represents another step in the politicization of a military in which soldiers already salute officers with a shout of “Chavez lives!”
WATCH: The Bolivarian Militia is more of a political organization to rally support for the Socialist Party than a serious fighting unit, but opposition members fear its rifles could be turned on them if Venezuela’s conflict deepens:
Next Sunday, Venezuela will launch an enormous military exercise called Operation Angostura 2019 lasting five days. According to the armed forces, it will involve “nearly two million men and women.”
Maduro shared this tweet about a visit to a naval exercise on Monday. “Men and Women of the Sea … I call on you from my worker’s heart to show maximum cohesion and maximum preparation. Loyal always like Sucre! Traitors never, like Santander.“:
Hombres y Mujeres del mar, me enorgullece la capacidad profesional, operativa y de despliegue que tiene nuestra @ArmadaFANB. Los llamo desde mi corazón de obrero, a la máxima cohesión y máxima preparación. ¡Leales siempre como Sucre, Traidores nunca como Santander! pic.twitter.com/IPAjJpc8K3
Maduro, a man who is famously fond of the ceremonial, appears to have devoted most of his waking hours this week to a series of marches, rallies and displays of loyalty designed to shore up the connection between the government and the armed forces, which is called Civic-Military Union in official Socialist Party dogma.
He tweeted: “We patriots are standing and in Civic-Military Union, raising the banners of respect the dignity and honour of our nation, against those who call for imperialist intervention. Venezuela will never surrender!”
Los patriotas estamos de pie y en unión Cívico-Militar, alzando las banderas del respeto a la dignidad y el honor de nuestra Patria, frente a aquellos que convocan al intervencionismo imperialista. ¡Venezuela no se rendirá jamás! pic.twitter.com/Cnf9Y9tbdG
And yet, outside the government’s strongholds such as San Agustin, the efforts to whip up invasion fever are being met mostly with derision.
A cable car connects the neighbourhood with the outside world. (CBC News)
One Maduro propaganda video that showed the president boldly striding forward, arms locked with men in uniform, was clearly intended to project an image of unity within the armed forces at a time when some service members have been defecting and using social media to call on others to follow suit.
But the message backfired when an opposition troll set it to the tune of the Village People’s 1978 hit YMCA, and it soon proliferated over YouTube.
The Socialist Party and the Bolivarian Armed Forces can’t control what people post on platforms such as Twitter, and their posts are usually followed with a deluge of disparaging comments from Venezuelans who no longer feel the same respect for the military institution they used to.
Chief Admiral Remigio Ceballos’s tweet reads “We don’t accept foreign interference …. We are loyal to our President and Commander in Chief Nicolas Maduro Moros!” A Venezuelan citizen responds “You’re a traitor to the nation, this is how Venezuela sees your armed forces.”
#CEOFANB No aceptamos injerencia extranjera y mucho menos autoproclamaciones de personajes q solo usurpan el poder establecido y consagrado en nuestra Carta Magna Constitución de la Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela! Somos Leales a nuestro Presidente y CJ Nicolas Maduro Moros! pic.twitter.com/g7OfxqqmCd
But if the odds of a full-scale U.S. invasion are slim, there are reasons to take more seriously the prospect of conflict between the Venezuelan and Colombian armed forces.
A girl carries water home in Caracas. Due to poor maintenance, the water supply has diminished, which makes life tougher for the residents of this hillside barrio. (CBC News)
The two “sister nations” that were once one Gran Colombia in the time of Simon Bolivar have taken very different directions politically in recent years.
Colombia’s President, Ivan Duque, has never hesitated to call Maduro a dictator, and there have been minor frontier skirmishes in recent months over disputed islands in the Orinoco River, as well as threats by Venezuela’s former foreign minister, Roy Chaderton, to invade and annex Colombia.
In August, Venezuela’s military placed missiles and other weapons along the border near Cucuta, where hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans fleeing economic meltdown have crossed into Colombia.
A plan by opposition leader and self-declared president Juan Guaido and the government of Colombia to set up a depot in Cucuta and ship humanitarian aid into Venezuela has been met with threats that it will be turned back.
In recent days, Colombian troops have been pouring into the region, and Venezuela has used tow-trucks to ship artillery to the border.
Chatarra militar | Trasladan en grúa los cañones de la FAN en la Machiques Perijá este #4Feb #Zulia pic.twitter.com/Sc07T0lHhJ
While a full-fledged war between Venezuela and the U.S. seems highly unlikely at this point, the conflict on the border certainly has the potential to turn violent.
On Tuesday, Venezuelan troops blocked one of the main bridges from the Cucuta area to Venezuela with shipping containers, as Maduro reiterated his intention to block all humanitarian aid.
“Nothing will enter,” he said.
Aerial view of the Tienditas Bridge, in the border between Cucuta, Colombia, and Tachira, Venezuela, after Venezuelan military forces blocked it with containers on Tuesday. (Edinson Estupinan/AFP/Getty Images)
And north of there on the same border, at Pedro Maria Urena, a local congressman tweeted pictures of Venezuelan armoured personnel carriers being surrounded by people who want aid to be allowed to enter.
The tweet read: “#Just now #Frontier municipality of Pedro Maria Urena they brought armoured cars to intimidate the people, when the truth is that all Venezuelans are waiting for #humanitarian aid. There are three people injured and some motorcycles destroyed by those armoured cars. The townspeople stopped them.”
#05Feb #JustoAhora #Frontera municipio Pedro María Ureña tanquetas que llevaron para amedrentar al pueblo , cuando la verdad es que todos los Venezolanos estamos a la espera de la #AyudaHumanitaria. Hay 3 heridos y unas motos destruidas por esas tanquetas. El pueblo los detuvo. pic.twitter.com/Tux6Ps6AVn
from Update Trend News http://bit.ly/2RJP8Fw
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